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Obesity-related lsotope Markers

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Stable Isotopes in Obesity Research

An isotopic marker is one of two or more atoms of the same chemical element having the same atomic number. These atoms occupy the same position on the periodic table and have nearly identical chemical behavior, but have different atomic masses or mass numbers. This difference gives the isotopic marker a unique signal in mass spectrometry (MS), which is used for tracing and quantitative analysis.

Protheragen offers a wide range of isotope marker products, including fatty acids, carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, etc. Their applications cover metabolic research, drug development, and precision diagnosis of obesity-related diseases. These products help clients more accurately track and analyze obesity-related metabolic processes by providing stable isotope labeling.

Fig.1 Flowchart of two-stage data-processing approaches for identifying drug metabolites by using UPLC-MS. Fig.1 Flowchart of drug metabolites and data processing. (Lin, et al., 2023)

Isotope Markers Reveal Obesity Metabolic Mechanisms

Stable isotopes have been used to measure the synthesis and catabolism of organic molecules, such as animal models, cell culture, or cell-free systems.

Isotope-Labeled Lipids

Our company offers a range of glycerolipid isotope markers such as mono-, di-, and triglycerides. These products are usually available in forms with up to 99% purity and are used to study lipid metabolism.

Arachidonoyl glycerol-d₅
1-Oleoyl (d₇)-rac-glycerol
TG (18:0/18:0/18:0)-d₁₀₅
1,2,3-Trioctanoyl glycerol-¹³C₃
1,2,3-Triheptadecanoyl glycerol-d₅

(Protheragen)

Isotope-Labeled Carbohydrates

Our company also provides high-quality carbohydrate isotope markers, which are capable of accurately tracking the absorption, metabolism, and conversion of carbohydrates in the human body through precise isotope labeling techniques.

Sucrose-¹³C₆
Sucrose-d₁₄
2-Deoxy-D-Glucose-1-¹³C
D-Arabinose-1-¹³C

(Protheragen)

Isotope-Labeled Fatty acids

Our fatty acid marker products accurately track the sources, destinations, and rates of fatty acid metabolism in the body, providing critical data to support obesity research.

Eicosapentaneoic acid 5,8,11,14,17[5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15,17,18-³H] (20:5, n-3)
Eicosatetraenoic acid 5,8,11,14 [1-¹⁴C]
Eicosatetraenoic acid 5,8,11,14 [5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-³H (N)]
Eicosatetraynoic acid 5,8,11,14 [1-¹⁴C]

(Protheragen)

Other Isotope-Labeled Compound

Our company also supplies a wide range of stable isotope-labeled compounds, including isotopically labeled amino acids (e.g., glycine-¹⁵N and L-leucine-¹⁵N) as well as [¹³C₂] markers for vitamin D₃.

These compounds aid in the study of protein metabolism and the role of amino acids in the pathogenesis of obesity.
These compounds are used in obesity research to assess the state of lipid metabolism and the efficiency of vitamin absorption.

(Protheragen)

Publication

Technology: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), MS, UPLC-MS

Journal: Cell Discovery

Published: 2018

IF: 13.0

Results: The authors used [6,6-²H]glucose as a tracer and differentiated [6,6-²H]glucose from natural glucose isotopic isomers by high-resolution MS coupled to a UPLC system. The results showed that [6,6-²H]glucose levels were significantly decreased during the insulin clamp period compared to the basal state, and systemic glucose disposal rate (GDR) was reduced in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, indicating systemic insulin resistance. Insulin-stimulated GDR and insulin-induced suppression of plasma free fatty acid levels reflected the relative insulin resistance of muscle and white adipose tissue, respectively, in HFD-fed mice relative insulin resistance.

Fig.2 Representative MS spectra showing the isotopic fine structures of glucose (M+2) in mouse serum and in a standard mixture of glucose and [6,6-2H]glucose. Fig.2 MS spectra of glucose (M+2) in mouse serum and a glucose and [6,6-²H]glucose mixture. (Zhang, et al., 2018)

Applications

Obesity-related isotope markers can be used to assess the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of drugs for obesity treatment. For example, by labeling drug molecules, it is possible to track their distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes in the body, thus optimizing drug design.
Obesity-related isotope markers can be used to study the metabolic profile of obese individuals, including glucose metabolism, fat metabolism, and protein metabolism.
Obesity-related isotope markers can be used to assess nutrient intake and consumption in obese individuals. By labeling nutrients in food, it is possible to track their absorption, utilization, and storage processes in the body.

Advantages of Our Products

Our company has high-purity and high-stability isotope markers to ensure the accuracy of research results.
Our isotope markers are not limited to obesity research but can also be applied to metabolic studies of other metabolism-related diseases (e.g., diabetes, cancer, etc.), supporting multidisciplinary cross-cutting research.
Our isotope markers can be used in the analysis of a wide range of biological samples (e.g., blood, tissue, urine, etc.) and are suitable for different stages of obesity research.

Frequently Asked Questions

How to verify the purity and accuracy of the isotope marker?
Before use, the purity of the isotope marker is verified by MS analysis to ensure that it does not introduce impurity interference. In addition, it is recommended to use multiple internal standards for calibration to minimize experimental errors.
What are the advantages of stable isotope markers over radioisotope markers?
Stable isotope markers are non-radioactive, ensuring the safety of researchers. In addition, their metabolic pathways in the body are similar to those of natural isotopes and do not interfere with normal biological processes.
Do you offer customized stable isotope product manufacturing?
Yes, we offer customized stable isotope product manufacturing services. Our professional production team is able to carefully design and produce personalized stable isotope labeling products according to our clients' specific research purposes and uses.

Relying on our specialized technical team, Protheragen provides stable isotope-labeled compounds to our clients all over the world. If you don't find what you are looking for, please feel free to contact us for customized stable isotope labeling products.

References

Zhang, Y.; et al. Evaluation of insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps using stable isotope-labeled glucose. Cell Discovery. 2018, 4(1): 17. (CC BY 4.0)
Lin, I.S.; et al. Dose-response technique combined with stable isotope tracing for drug metabolite profiling by using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2023, 14: 1293540. (CC BY 4.0)

Obesity-related lsotope Marker Products

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